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Biology, occurence and regulation possibilities of Viola arvensis Murray in grown plants
MACHÁČEK, Václav
This thesis concerns on biology, occurrence and especially, herbicide regulation of Viola arvensis Murray on arable land. On the land of the farm DZV NOVA Bystřice a small-plot experiment focused on monitoring and regulation of Viola arvensis was carried out. This experiment was carried out from September 2012 to January 2014 on three crops (winter wheat, winter barley and winter rape) in three locations. In the theoretical part we describe the biology and occurrence of this frequent weed. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the abundance of Viola arvensis and other weed species and verify the effect of different herbicides on Viola arvensis and other weeds. The effectiveness of the tested herbicide combinations was statistically significant for Viola arvensis and also for the other weeds (P 0, 05). The exceptions were Veronica persica, Geranium pussilum and Hordeum vulgare, where the effectiveness of these agents was not proved (P > 0, 05). The results summarize the numbers of weed species and effectiveness of applied herbicides. Viola arvensis was the most frequent weed species found on the examined sites. The effectiveness of herbicide agents used against this weed was very high. The highest was by preparations Maraton + Glean 75 WG, Maraton + Logran 20 WG, Cougar Forte + Logran 20 WG a Sumimax + Glean 75 WG (100 %). Lower was by preparations Butisan 400 SC + Command 36 SC (80 %) a Butisan Star + Garland Forte (75 %). In the winter barley and winter wheat, the applied herbicides were 100% effective, only in the winter rape the effectiveness was lower (75 - 80%). I can confirm the initial hypothesis about the effectiveness of the different herbicides on field pansy because their effectiveness differed.
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Biology, occurrence and regulation Apera spica-venti tufted crops grown.
ORNA, Vítězslav
Over the last decades the amount of weeds in our fields have noticeably decreased. The easily annihilated and susceptible species were almost eradicated by means of herbicides and agrotechnical operations. Their place was taken by more resistant species, which are a huge problem for the farmers. For this purpose I decided to make an experiment under the working circumstances. I observed the occurrence of the weeds in certain localities. Especially I concentrated on the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti), on its occurrence, regulation, extension and susceptibility or resistance to certain herbicides. The effect of the tested herbicide combinations was statistically significant for silky bent grass as well as for the other weeds (P 0.05). The coach grass was the only exception, where the effect of these preparations was not proved, as well as Vicia cracca, Lamium purpurem, Galium aparine, Geranium pusillum (P > 0.05). However the coach grass appeared among these inconclusively responsive weeds more frequently. (P >0.05). As the results of experiment showed, the most effective combinations for elimination of the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) were Sumimax + Glean, Cugar Forte + Glean + Dural a Cugar Forte + Logran. All these combinations were proved to be 100% effective against the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti). The other combinations were not 100% effective. These comprised Rapsan + Command+ Grounded with 89 % effectivity, Sumimax + Logran 91 % effectivity a Butisan+ Clomate+ Grounded 67 % effectivity. The results show that the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) is more susceptible to some herbicide combinations and in the fields it can be successfully reduced. On the contrary the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) is resilient to some other agents. From this point of view the right choice of the herbicides is crucial in next year.
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